<h1><u>Create a Blockchain with Avalanche Subnets with Nirvana Labs</u></h1><p>&nbsp;</p><figure class="image"><img src="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/f86c3656-de33-4028-b8ca-c68a9b242200/big" alt="Banner image featuring the Avalanche Network logo and Nirvana Labs logo, symbolizing the collaboration for subnet creation." srcset="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/a74dc999-3961-421d-dd86-c91acc1ec900/big 245w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/e35e1e62-3033-4911-6d60-eca24212b500/big 500w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/5f035dac-78a7-4902-96dd-c6ea03ad1900/big 750w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/40437210-cf84-4a7a-1f1b-5f9fedefd400/big 1000w," sizes="100vw" width="1000px"></figure><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Avalanche Network, has recently launched the ability to create sub-networks (subnets) within the Avalanche network itself. Why is this so useful? Because creating your own high performant blockchain where you can have finer-grain control of the ecosystem is now easier than ever</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h2><u>What is a Subnet?</u></h2><p>&nbsp;</p><figure class="image"><img src="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/ed2cea81-9ac0-48a9-4df5-2027d96da100/big" alt="An image depicting the architecture of an Avalanche (Avax) subnet" srcset="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/b395d8f7-11c1-4440-eaa6-6d79b8bc3300/big 245w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/ea8bee5c-758a-4a27-c6c4-21aa6adab200/big 500w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/bf4beb45-7efe-475f-5872-a4fd1f9fe600/big 750w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/22ba98bb-a2e3-45b0-e67e-588df21da400/big 1000w," sizes="100vw" width="1000px"></figure><h2>&nbsp;</h2><h2><u>Create a Subnet</u></h2><p>&nbsp;</p><h4 style="margin-left:40px;">Steps to Deployment</h4><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">Step 1) Create a validator node</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">Step 2) Create a subnet</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">Step 3) Add more nodes to your subnet</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><h4 style="margin-left:40px;">Subnet Requirements</h4><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">In this tutorial, we will be covering the basics of creating an Avalanche Subnet but there are a few basic assumptions and key requirements. In order to create a subnet you need two things:</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">2,000 AVAX (for MainNet) or 1 AVAX (for Fuji/TestNet)<br>A Dedicated Avalanche Validator Node<br>Enabling a Validator Node on Nirvana Labs is available to Enterprise users. <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://meetings.hubspot.com/dbandara/enterprise-sales-intro-call">Contact us</a> to get pricing and setup a node today.</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><h2><u>Nirvana Avalanche Enterprise Nodes</u></h2><p>&nbsp;</p><p>What’s so great about Nirvana Labs Avalanche nodes? Well for starters, they're FAST! We use over 33 datacenter regions around the world to bring our nodes closer to more people. Our average response latency time is 28ms. How are we so performant yet cost-efficient? Our infrastructure is purpose-built, cloud-agnostic, and energy renewable. Using a node provider allows you to focus on building your dApp and spend less time troubleshooting node issues.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Fast and cost-efficient<br>Energy renewable<br>Indexing and archive mode enabled</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>I Have My RPC Node.. Now What?</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>The Subnet command suite provides a collection of tools for developing and deploying Subnets.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>To get started, use the avalanche subnet create &lt;subnet-name&gt;command wizard to walk through the configuration of your very first Subnet. Then, go ahead and deploy it with the avalanche subnet deploy command. You can use the rest of the commands to manage your subnet configurations.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h2><u>Subnet EVM</u></h2><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Subnet-EVM is a configurable Ethereum virtual machine designed for Subnets. It supports airdrops, custom fee tokens, configurable gas parameters, and multiple stateful precompiles. To learn more, check out the github project.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>You can use this newly created Subnet just like you use C-Chain and EVM tools. Only differences are chainID and RPC URL. For example you can follow this article to Deploy a Smart Contract on Your Subnet-EVM Using Remix and Metamask. Or you can deploy your contracts with hardhat quick start guide by changing url and chainId in the hardhat.config.ts.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>For example: to connect Hardhat to the local network that deployed with the Avalanche-CLI, we would create a network setting in hardhat.config.ts that looks similar to this:</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Resources: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://docs.avax.network/subnets/create-a-local-subnet">https://docs.avax.network/subnets/create-a-local-subnet</a></p>

Unleash the full potential of Avalanche Network with Nirvana Labs and learn how to create your own high-performing subnets. This tutorial offers an easy-to-follow guide on creating an Avalanche Subnet, from setting up a validator node to deploying the subnet and optimizing its operations. Plus, discover the advantages of using Nirvana Labs Avalanche nodes, including faster performance, cost-efficiency, and energy sustainability. Dive deep into the world of blockchain, subnet commands, and EVM tools to transform your decentralized application development process.

Banner image featuring the Avalanche Network logo and Nirvana Labs logo, symbolizing the collaboration for subnet creation.

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Create a Blockchain with Avalanche Subnets with Nirvana Labs

<p>Nirvana Labs is a company that is focused on improving the performance and scalability of the Avalanche blockchain ecosystem. The company has implemented a number of innovative solutions, including decentralizing its nodes and implementing avalanche subnets, which have helped to reduce latencies and improve performance. In addition, Nirvana Labs has expanded its data center regions and invested in renewable energy sources, making it more environmentally friendly and cost-effective for web3 developers.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><figure class="image"><img src="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/a6b2212b-64eb-4af2-8ff8-909f80c3cc00/public" alt="An image showing all of the data center location Nirvana Labs has for RPC and Dedicated Avax, ETH, Matic and Arbitrum nodes" srcset="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/c22f04fd-e6ab-4ade-8770-10a671f8a700/big 245w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/fd3d9c21-8880-482e-8b97-b6616c0f0e00/big 500w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/1a9fdb29-e8e9-4ad9-63c4-018dea044700/public 750w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/10cc0db4-b443-488a-29bd-1f35d3c84e00/big 1000w," sizes="100vw" width="1000px"></figure><p><br>&nbsp;</p><p>One of the key benefits of Nirvana Labs’ technology is that it allows web3 developers to build better products in less time and with less money. The improved performance, lower latencies, and lower pricing provided by Nirvana Labs make it easier for web3 developers to create and deploy their applications on the Avalanche blockchain. In addition, the increased number of data center regions and the use of renewable energy sources make it more reliable and sustainable for web3 developers to build on the Avalanche blockchain.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><figure class="image"><img src="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/ed587a35-7e21-4032-907e-7c40e9dbad00/public" alt="An image showing the superior latency Nirvana Labs has when compared to Alchemy, Infura and Quicknode" srcset="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/e73034d1-512a-4029-5a6d-f931495a1800/big 245w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/b39fcaaa-9ce5-4adf-63d4-7fd7948f5500/big 500w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/8d480c4d-c5ad-4a03-581c-73085d4fcc00/public 750w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/3086f1ac-118b-42bc-a551-148d15d55c00/big 1000w," sizes="100vw" width="1000px"></figure><h3><br>Websocket Latency Tests</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Furthermore, the decentralized nature of Nirvana Labs’ approach has also helped to improve the overall security of the Avalanche blockchain. By distributing its nodes across multiple data centers and cloud providers, the company has made it more difficult for attackers to target the network. This increased security is important for web3 developers, as it allows them to build their products with confidence, knowing that their data is safe and secure.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><figure class="image"><img src="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/bcc1871a-9303-42a3-53c9-b98b2e715500/big" alt="A graph showing Nirvana is faster and more secure than Alchemy, Infura and Quicknode" srcset="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/93d09e64-905f-4e64-beed-014782e23600/public 245w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/699a247d-075c-400b-c893-fc8b01e62c00/big 500w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/e115ef8e-b434-49c1-d6bb-d5a53e793c00/big 750w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/420761cf-3b69-450e-2ae5-9b9118c74d00/public 1000w," sizes="100vw" width="1000px"></figure><p><br>&nbsp;</p><p>Overall, Nirvana Labs is driving the growth and success of the Avalanche blockchain ecosystem with its innovative technology and commitment to decentralization and renewable energy. Web3 developers can now build better products in less time and with less money thanks to the benefits provided by Nirvana Labs.</p>

"Nirvana Labs is committed to enhancing the Avalanche blockchain ecosystem by optimizing node performance and scalability. Through innovative solutions such as node decentralization, avalanche subnets, and sustainable energy practices, the company has reduced latency and bolstered security. This article highlights the advantages these advancements offer to Web3 developers, enabling them to develop and deploy applications more efficiently and sustainably.

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Avalanche Blockchain and Nirvana Labs 

Focused on Improving Avalanche Node Performance

<h2><u>Blockchain Infrastructure with Unmatched Cost Savings, Scalability, and Support:</u></h2><p><br>Blockchain technology has become progressively important in today’s rapidly evolving digital world. Applications built on blockchains across various industries are being utilized more and more every day. Very well-known companies like Starbucks, Nike, Gucci, and so many more are starting to utilize blockchain technology. It is only a matter of time before ticketing, supply chains, loyalty programs, and everyday life interact with the blockchain in some capacity.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Due to the increasing adoption of blockchain technology, there is a huge need for efficient and cost-effective infrastructure to build, manage, and support any blockchain-based application. In this blog, we will explore the numerous reasons why enterprises and developers are choosing Nirvana Labs as their go-to blockchain infrastructure solution provider.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>If you only read this introduction paragraph, know that Nirvana Labs runs the lowest latency and highest reliability nodes across all our supported blockchains. Let’s dive into how we accomplish this:</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h2><u>Nirvana Cloud</u></h2><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Nirvana Labs runs all of its infrastructure off of Nirvana Cloud, a blockchain-optimized cloud built with proprietary and open-source software on top of bare-metal servers in 35+ data center locations worldwide. This is important because, unlike legacy solutions, Nirvana Lab’s entire tech stack was built to optimize efficiencies and maximize performance metrics specific to web3 and blockchain. Due to these reasons, our nodes perform exponentially better than any other node provider, regardless of whether they use elastic compute cloud providers or run bare-metal servers.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Soon to be available to the public via our Terraform provider. You can deploy your applications or self-managed nodes and utilize Nirvana Cloud as you might with AWS, GCP, or Azure. Nirvana Labs customers will save over 8x on outbound data transfer fees and 20–40% on storage and compute costs.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>How is this possible? Long story short, we don’t have 1-day shipping.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h2><u>Nirvana Labs Solutions</u></h2><h2><br>Global RPC Network</h2><p>&nbsp;</p><p>We call our global RPC network our “flex nodes” because every API request is geo-load balanced across all our data center locations. This is important because it means that each API request will automatically be routed to the nearest data center location that can provide the lowest latency response, making those calls flexible or “flex.” We offer both HTTPS requests and WebSocket requests on all our flex nodes. This is our most common product offering that anyone and everyone can use. This includes individuals looking to change their wallet RPC to enterprises with millions of daily active users and significant request volume. Our global RPC network provides the lowest latency requests possible. Don’t believe us? Sign up for a free account here (no credit card needed) and test it out yourself.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><figure class="image"><img src="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/2813825e-b127-49dc-2a9e-a601b63d5400/big" alt="An image showing the 35+ data centers that Nirvana Labs has globally, the average RPC node latency of 28ms, the 99.999% of uptime our RPC nodes and Dedicated Blockchain Nodes have. Our blockchain and Web3 infrastructure is powered by 87% green energy." srcset="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/9efa17fa-8599-4468-bf4b-b2272f438d00/public 245w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/ca3c3744-5d02-4490-0b1b-46a180cc0800/public 500w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/18d64d01-6e5c-4070-6d50-0e5b5d31b100/public 750w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/d6a781b8-82d4-42ea-b982-8a25774dbc00/big 1000w," sizes="100vw" width="1000px"></figure><h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>Dedicated nodes</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Dedicated nodes are an alternative to our flex nodes and are available to all customers on any of our paid monthly or annual plans. Dedicated nodes are single nodes with dedicated compute resources deployed in a specific data center location for that particular customer’s utilization. This means individual nodes are not load-balanced by default, but we can load-balance multiple dedicated nodes for you.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Dedicated nodes have dedicated compute resources that range from 8vCPUs to 256vCPUs. There are no request limitations on these dedicated nodes. However, you have compute limitations based on your node’s resources. Heavier compute requests such as debug_traceCall will utilize more compute than an eth_blocknumber request. If you’re doing a lot of transaction volume or heavy compute requests, increasing the size of your dedicated node is recommended to avoid any degraded performance. Have questions on what size dedicated node you may need? Reach out to our team here, and we will help you!</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>IPFS storage</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Store your files with our high-performance nodes to upload and download at the fastest speeds. You will need to create a Nirvana Labs account in order to utilize our IPFS.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><figure class="image"><img src="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/c78cfa9a-db67-49e6-5b5f-a61087fa5400/big" alt="An image showing servers illustrating Nirvana Labs capability of providing the best IPFS decentralized storage." srcset="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/c5673fe7-bcbb-48ba-fcdd-89b074eadd00/big 245w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/9f3d52d3-14d9-4bea-8b0a-ebcf0c69ad00/public 500w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/bf8f4997-bb19-4b3a-ead1-4cc35843b800/big 750w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/bfc79748-7f5e-40fa-c85a-160dca2ef600/public 1000w," sizes="100vw" width="1000px"></figure><h3>Avalanche Subnets</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Nirvana Labs is one of the earliest deployers and managers of avalanche subnets. We offer a white glove service where we can set up, deploy, and manage your subnet with as little as your genesis file. Alternatively, we offer a self-managed solution where you can deploy your avalanche subnet on Nirvana Cloud, SSH into the node, and run everything yourself. You will save ample money compared to running your subnet on AWS or any other hyper-scaler cloud.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>Avalanche Validators</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Due to Avalanche’s external key storage mechanism, we can run Avalanche validators without having access to your AVAX that needs to be staked. A dedicated node IS REQUIRED to run a validator. You can use the validators for both Avalanches C-Chain and Subnets. Unsure what size node you need for your validator? Reach out to our team here, and we will help you!</p><p>&nbsp;</p><figure class="image"><img src="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/f4d69187-2737-4258-d450-28dad9409700/big" alt="An image showing the Avalanche logo with some connecting network lines. Nirvana Labs provides the fastest and most reliable Avax RPC nodes. Deploy Avax Subnets and Avax Validators in seconds with Nirvana Cloud." srcset="https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/b9802c0b-3ee4-4495-2a87-f96e2f509200/big 245w,https://imagedelivery.net/JBpQzOjEg6onPN0wnF1wdA/edaa0cf7-8e4e-4559-2cd7-395df4f24c00/public 500w," sizes="100vw" width="500px"></figure><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Streamline your validator operations with Avalanche and Nirvana Labs for a hassle-free experience.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>In the next section, we will take a look at even more reasons why you should choose Nirvana Labs as your infrastructure provider.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h2><u>Why use Nirvana Labs:</u></h2><h4 style="margin-left:40px;"><br>Ease of use:&nbsp;</h4><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">Despite the complexity of setting up and managing blockchain technology, Nirvana Labs makes it easy to get started and manage your nodes. Deploy new nodes in minutes in your dashboard and get in-depth analytics on your usage</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><h4 style="margin-left:40px;">Reliability:&nbsp;</h4><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">Our global infrastructure offers a 99.99% uptime guarantee, giving you peace of mind that your infrastructure is always taken care of.</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><h4 style="margin-left:40px;">Latency:&nbsp;</h4><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">Nirvana Labs has the lowest latency RPC and dedicated nodes, and it’s not even close! We are working on several optimizations that will further decrease our latency even more.</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><h4 style="margin-left:40px;">Cost Savings:&nbsp;</h4><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">Save money compared to alternative solutions of existing RPC node providers or using non-blockchain optimized clouds like AWS or GCP<br>Enterprise-grade security: the Nirvana Labs team prioritizes having the best security throughout our entire tech stack. We continuously verify the security of our platform and underlying infrastructure.</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><h4 style="margin-left:40px;">Dedicated Support:&nbsp;</h4><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">We have dedicated customer support teams to ensure that you have a seamless experience every step of the way.</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><h4 style="margin-left:40px;">Blockchain Experts:&nbsp;</h4><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">Our team only focuses on running blockchain infrastructure for some of the most demanding blockchain applications. We are here to help advise you when applicable.</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><h2><u>Who Can Use Our Services?</u></h2><p><br>Anyone that wants to connect to one of the blockchains we support can use our services! That can be any dApp, exchange, developer, or trader that wants to utilize the fastest and most reliable blockchain infrastructure.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Have any questions? Don’t hesitate to contact our team here; we will be more than happy to help!</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h2><u>Conclusion</u></h2><p><br>In conclusion, Nirvana Labs is the fastest and most reliable Web3 infrastructure solution for building, managing, and supporting any blockchain application. With our global availability, scalability, and cost savings compared to legacy solutions, Nirvana Labs is the clear choice for customers seeking the best blockchain infrastructure solution.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Don’t settle for less; choose Nirvana Labs for all your blockchain infrastructure needs.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>

Nirvana Labs: Your Ultimate Choice for Web3 Infrastructure Solutions" explores the vital role of Nirvana Labs in the rapidly evolving blockchain technology space. The article showcases how Nirvana Labs' use of blockchain-optimized Nirvana Cloud allows it to provide the most efficient, reliable, and cost-effective nodes across all supported blockchains. From enterprises to individual developers, the company's services, including global RPC network, dedicated nodes, IPFS storage, and Avalanche validators, offer unmatched performance and scalability. With the blend of high security, dedicated support, and expert blockchain advice, Nirvana Labs emerges as a leading web3 infrastructure provider for any blockchain application.

An image showing Nirvana Labs RPC node latency compared to Quicknode, Alchemy and Infura. The picture clearly shows Nirvana Labs has better performance.

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Nirvana Labs: Your Ultimate Choice for Web3 Infrastructure Solutions

<h2><u>Introduction</u></h2><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Blockchain technology has become a major interest in countless industries over the recent years with major companies like Starbucks, KKR, supply chains, various sports leagues and so many others starting to get involved. Rather than a brand-new technology, blockchain technology should be viewed as an additional layer on top of the internet as we know it as today. This is why it is termed Web3 or the third generation of the Web.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>The foundation of this technology is blockchain infrastructure, which includes the systems and technology needed to create, operate, and maintain blockchain networks. This infrastructure consists of hardware, software, and networking elements to ensure the seamless operation of the blockchain.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Blockchain infrastructure relies heavily on networking and cloud computing. That's why Nirvana Labs has built Nirvana Cloud, a cloud environment designed for optimal blockchain utilization and performance. This article will focus on the blockchain aspect of infrastructure, rather than conventional networking or cloud computing.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h2><u>Key Elements of Blockchain Infrastructure</u></h2><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Blockchain infrastructure fundamentally relies on three main elements:&nbsp;</p><ol><li>&nbsp; The protocol - the network's constitution and rules.</li><li>&nbsp; The nodes - the executors of this protocol.</li><li>&nbsp; The network - everything put together plus the ledger which is the transaction history.</li></ol><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>The Blockchain Protocol: The Rulebook</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>The blockchain protocol is like the rulebook of the blockchain network that is used to govern the blockchain network. This includes consensus algorithms for reaching agreement among network participants, reward structures for motivating behavior, and governance mechanisms for orderly network management.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>Nodes: The Enforcers of Rules</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>The nodes serve as the operators of the blockchain network. Nodes can be individual computers, server farms, or just about anyone with compute, memory, and storage resources to run the necessary software for the specific blockchain. In order to participate in the network. Nodes install the blockchain protocol software, and sync all the data of previous blocks which is called the ledger. Once the node is synced up to the head of the chain, it can begin to verify and record transactions that will be logged in the blockchain ledger.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>The blockchain network is created from the interactions between blockchain protocol, the nodes, and the series of transactions or blocks which are better known as a ledger. Each blockchain network has different protocols and node requirements, which make them all unique to each other.<br>Further Understanding Blockchain Layers</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h2>&nbsp;</h2><h2><u>Understanding the Layers of Blockchain Infrastructure</u></h2><p>&nbsp;</p><p>There are currently three primary layers of blockchain infrastructure:&nbsp;</p><ol><li>&nbsp; Layer 1 (L1s) networks are the base fundamental layers that are not reliant on other networks.&nbsp;</li><li>&nbsp; Layer 2 (L2s) networks are built on top of L1s to enhance throughput and are dependent on L1s.&nbsp;</li><li>&nbsp; Layer 0 (L0s) networks are either interoperability ecosystems or cross chain communication protocols.</li></ol><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>Layer 1: Fundamental Layers</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>A layer-1 (L1) blockchain refers to a blockchain where the underlying protocols and nodes are not dependent on any other blockchain network. Some popular examples of L1 blockchains include Bitcoin, Ethereum, BNB Chain, Avalanche, and many other popular blockchains.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>Layer 2: Enhancers of Scalability</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Layer 2 (L2s) solutions are built atop of Layer 1 blockchains and are typically designed to address scalability issues. These L2s facilitate off-chain processing of transactions, batch numerous transactions into one block and then post the results back to the L1.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Some of the most popular L2 solutions are Side-Chains, Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZK), and Optimistic Rollups. These tools provide extra processing capabilities, relieving network congestion and enhancing the performance of the base blockchain.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h4>Sidechains:</h4><p>&nbsp;</p><p>A sidechain is a separate blockchain that runs in parallel to the main L1 chain and is connected by a two way bridge. While sidechains may look very similar to the L1, they have some very distinct features with the most important one being different security protocols. allowing for asset transfers between the two. It enables faster and more flexible protocol modifications without compromising the security or functionality of the main chain. The goal is to shift some workload from the main chain to the side chain, thereby increasing the overall network capacity and speeding up transactions.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h4>Rollups:</h4><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Rollups bundle (or ’roll up’) hundreds of transactions into a single transaction onto an L1 blockchain. This distributes the L1 transaction fees across everyone in the rollup, making it cheaper for each user. Rollup transactions get executed outside of layer 1 but the transaction data gets posted to layer 1, which means rollups inherit the security of Ethereum. There are two different approaches to rollups, optimistic rollups, and zero-knowledge rollups. They differ primarily on how this transaction data is posted to L1.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h5 style="margin-left:40px;">Zero-Knowledge Proofs:</h5><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) are encryption protocols that allow one party to prove to another that they know certain information without revealing any details about it. There are currently two types of Zero-Knowledge Proofs used in blockchain, namely zk-Snarks and zk-Starks.</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><h5 style="margin-left:40px;">Optimistic Rollups:</h5><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">Optimistic rollups are considered “optimistic” because they assume off-chain transactions are valid and don't publish proofs of validity for transaction batches posted on-chain like ZK proofs do. Rather, Optimistic rollups rely on a fraud-proving mechanism to detect blocks where transactions were not calculated correctly.</p><p style="margin-left:80px;">&nbsp;</p><h3>&nbsp;</h3><h3>Layer 0 Ecosystems: Interoperability Layers</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Layer 0 refers to an infrastructure layer that enables interoperability and connectivity between various individual blockchains, ultimately allowing different blockchains to transfer data and assets across various blockchain networks.&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>There are two main types of Layer 0 protocols:&nbsp;</p><ol><li>&nbsp; Layer 0 ecosystems.</li><li>&nbsp; Layer 0 communication protocols.</li></ol><p>&nbsp;</p><h4>Layer 0 Ecosystems:</h4><p>&nbsp;</p><p>A Layer 0 ecosystem refers to an interconnected network of L1 blockchains that occupy different “zones” within a specific Layer 0 ecosystem. The two most popular examples of this type of Layer 0s are Cosmos and Polkadot. Both ecosystems have their own specifics of how they accomplish this, but they are similar due to the fact that they both share the same underlying security mechanisms or underlying infrastructure; the Inter-Blockchain Communication protocol for Cosmos, and the Polkadot Relay Chain for Polkadot.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h4>Layer 0 Communication Protocols:</h4><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Layer 0 communication protocols refer to omni-chain interoperability protocols that permits users to move assets and data across networks that were not natively built on top of any shared security infrastructure like Layer 0 ecosystems are. The two most popular communication protocols are LayerZero and Axelar. While both solutions have different mechanisms on how they enable interoperability, it is done through a series of varied endpoints, gateways, and consensus mechanisms that rely on oracles or validators.</p><p style="margin-left:40px;">&nbsp;</p><h2>&nbsp;</h2><h2><u>Different Permissions for Blockchain Infrastructure</u></h2><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>Public:</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Public blockchains are the most popular and are permissionless networks that anyone can utilize as long as they have an internet connection. They rely on a distributed set of nodes that anyone can run and are known for their transparency and lack of intermediaries, anyone can look up the ledger transaction history. An example of a public network is Ethereum.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>Private:</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Private blockchains are closed ecosystems that operate in a closed network. They are typically run by a single organization that wants to use the blockchain network for internal purposes. Private blockchains prioritize privacy and control, ensuring transaction and data visibility only to authorized participants. An example of a private network is MultiChain.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>Consortium:</h3><p>&nbsp;</p><p>Consortium blockchains are a hybrid between public and private blockchains and are sometimes called Federated blockchain networks. They are controlled by a select group of entities, rather than one individual entity like a private blockchain. They combine features of decentralization and control, and are popular in industries that require collaboration and secure information sharing across participants. An example of a consortium network is Corda.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>To conclude, understanding the basic elements and various types of blockchains is crucial for building a solid blockchain infrastructure. Each component plays a distinct role in maintaining the integrity, efficiency, and security of the overall network. This guide hopes to provide a knowledgeable basis for the construction and operation of your blockchain project.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h2>&nbsp;</h2><h2><u>Conclusion:</u></h2><p>&nbsp;</p><p>In conclusion, the inherent complexities and immense potential of blockchain infrastructure make it a vital technology to comprehend. With the foundational elements comprising the blockchain protocol, nodes, and the network, we can create a robust and secure environment for transactions. The multiple layers in the blockchain ecosystem, namely Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 0, offer scalability, interoperability, and enhanced performance, essential for modern businesses to stay competitive in a digital economy.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>The myriad types of blockchains, including public, consortium, and private, offer flexibility and control to cater to different industry needs, whether it's transparency, collaboration, or data privacy. With each variant providing unique advantages, the choice depends on the specific demands of your blockchain project.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>As we navigate the future of Web3, it becomes evident that knowledge about the architecture and components of blockchain infrastructure is not just beneficial—it's crucial. Through a deeper understanding, organizations can harness the power of blockchain technology, ensuring a more secure, efficient, and interconnected digital world.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>The pace of innovation within the blockchain infrastructure space is rapid, with new enhancements and optimizations continually emerging. To stay abreast of these developments, look to leaders like Nirvana Labs, who are at the forefront of blockchain solutions. As we delve deeper into the era of Web3, following Nirvana Labs will offer insights and updates on critical blockchain infrastructure topics, empowering you to leverage this revolutionary technology to its fullest potential.</p><p>&nbsp;</p>

Explore the inner workings of blockchain technology with our comprehensive guide on Blockchain Infrastructure & Architecture. Delve into the key elements such as protocols, nodes, and transactions that make up the intricate blockchain network. Learn about the different blockchain layers and their functionalities along with exploring diverse types of blockchain networks. Ideal for beginners and experts looking to understand the infrastructure that powers blockchain technology.

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